This study is an effort to look at the roots and dimensions of Christian missions to Sudan, and their impact, in the period 1843-1986. It hopes to throw some light on many problem areas, such as: 1. The role of Mission in the field of education, culture and social services, especially in Southern Sudan and other under-developed areas. Certain areas of Sudan were depen- dent on such services for a long time. The role of Mission needs to be studied in order to determine its feasibility and usefulness. 2. The effect and significance of the pre-independence National Movement-Mission conflict, and its far-reaching consequences. This conflict still casts its shadow on the State-Mission relationship and on the community. 3. Mission and secular discourse extremism. For the last thirty years (since 1955) Sudan has witnessed a militant brand of secular discourse extremism. It became the norm for such discourse to express itself by raising arms, involvement in guerrilla activities against the right of Islamic culture to exist in the South and to dominate in the North. Many Church organizations and associations embraced the heralds of such discourse, introduced them to the world and blessed their activities.