█ كتاب علم صوتيات اللغة الأنجليزية واتجاهات معاصرة مجاناً PDF اونلاين 2024
كتاب يعلم كيفية النطق الصحيح من خلال الرموز الصوتية مزودة بأمثلة وقواعد أخري هامة للنطق الأستاذ رضا السعيد Preface A large number of students face great difficulty in understanding, and appreciating Phonetics Linguistics The fault is usually not theirs, but rather that their teachers who the same difficult to understand, once we grasp quintessential characteristics its sounds Once achieve that, will find it easy appreciate a linguistic work In part which discusses English sounds, I tried give representative carefully chosen examples They are well known liked enjoyed, hope you enjoy them too, they instill love as The First Part: Phonetics Phonetics general study Speech Organs (1)The Vocal Cords: They bands elastic tissues larynx When vocal cords spread apart, air from lungs passes between unimpeded causing voiceless sound drawn together, repeatedly pushes apart through, creating vibration voiced (2)The Larynx: It structure at top wind pipe lungs, contains (3)The Pharynx: immediately above space behind tongue reaching up towards nasal cavity (4)The Tongue: most important organs speech has greatest variety movement It divided into four parts: (1)Tip (2)Blade (3)Front (4)Back (5)The lips: take various different positions, for example: can be brought firmly together p or b so completely block mouth (6)The Teeth: The lower front teeth upper ones (7)The Palate: roof mouth, soft palate back, hard middle, alveolar ridge, just (8)The Alveolar ridge: gums very consonant like b,d,t,n,r,s,z,j,3,d3 made with touching close ridge 9) Aspiration: short period after explosion p,t,k when leaves without voice 10) Consonant: one set seriously obstructed occurs similar positions words 11) Friction Consonants: by narrowing passage until interfered causes friction 12) Gliding consonants no stop have rapid glide vowel 13) Diphthong: smooth position another, whole acting long , simple vowels 14) Phonemic Transcription: representation each phoneme single symbol 15) Received Pronunciation: kind pronunciation used many educated speakers, particularly south east England Sometimes called B C 16) Stress: greater effort on syllable syllables word longer utterance than other 17) Bilabial: two lips come m 18) Labiodentals: lip f v 19) Dental: tip blade comes contact 20) Alveolar: The touches directly d t n l s z r 21) Palato alveolar: while concave 22) Palatal: approximates plate j 23) Velar: back k,g,n,w