█ _ 0 حصريا كتاب ❞ DENTAL FOURTH EDITION EDITOR IN CHIEF ❝ 2024 CHIEF: DENTAL FOURTH EDITION EDITOR CHIEF STEPHEN T SONIS, DMD, DMSc Clinical Professor of Oral Medicine Harvard School Dental Medicine; Senior Surgeon and Chief Divisions Medicine Dentistry Brigham Women’s Hospital the Dana Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Massachusetts; Chief Scientific Officer Biomodels, LLC Watertown, Massachusetts iv PREFACE TO THE 4TH EDITION It has been some time since last edition Secrets Despite availability many terrific online resources, student enthusiasm for Q & A short answer format found in this book indicated that it was an update Readers older editions will note changes in contributors We’ve fortunate to recruit new authors co a number of chapters, which assures fresh look at content The science practice dentistry continues to evolve No matter how much we try, it’s almost impossible be totally up date “Life long learning” is not just catchy phrase Hopefully, this book help Once again, is written those who like learn by love teach TREATMENT PLANNING 1 What are objectives pretreatment evaluation patient? 1 Establishment diagnosis 2 Determination underlying medical conditions may modify oral condition or patient’s ability tolerate treatment 3 Discovery concomitant illnesses 4 Prevention emergencies associated with dental treatment 5 rapport patient 2 essential elements patient history? 1 Chief complaint 2 History present illness (HPI) 3 Past history 4 Social history 5 Family history 6 Review systems 7 history 3 Define chief complaint The reason seeks care, as described patient’s own words 4 history illness? The HPI chronologic description patient’s symptoms should include information about duration, location, character, previous treatment 5 need included history? • Current status general health • Medications • Hospitalizations surgeries • Allergies 6 areas routinely investigated social Present past occupations • Smoking, alcohol or drug use • Occupational hazards • Marital relevant sexual history 7 Why family interest dentist? The often provides information about diseases genetic origin that have familial tendency Examples clotting disorders, atherosclerotic heart disease, psychiatric diseases, diabetes mellitus 8 How usually obtained? The obtained written questionnaire supplemented verbal history verbal imperative because patients leave out misinterpret questions on form For example, take daily aspirin yet not consider “true” medication Surprisingly, treated annual infusion bisphosphonates osteoporosis also allows clinician pursue positive answers and, doing so, establish 9 techniques used physical examination patient? they used dentistry? Inspection, most commonly technique, based visual Palpation, involves touching feeling patient, determine the CHAPTER 2 TREATMENT PLANNING AND ORAL DIAGNOSIS Stephen Sonis Nathaniel Treister 16 CHAPTER 2 TREATMENT AND ORAL DIAGNOSIS consistency shape masses mouth neck Percussion, differences in sound transmission structures, little application head Auscultation, the technique listening differences sound, accomplished with stethoscope In dentistry, generally listen changes sounds emanating from temporomandibular joint blood pressure 10 vital signs? • Blood pressure • Respiratory rate • Pulse • Temperature 11 normal values pressure: 120 mm Hg 80 Hg • rate: 16 20 respirations per minute • Pulse: 72 beats per minute • Temperature: 98 6° F 37° C 12 complete count (CBC)? A CBC consists determination hemoglobin, hematocrit, white cell count, differential cell count, platelet 13 ranges CBC? Hemoglobin: Men, 14 18 g dL Differential count: Women, 12 Neutrophils, 50% 70% Hematocrit: 40% 54% Lymphocytes, 30% 40% Women, 37% 47% Monocytes, 3% 7% White count: 4,000 10,000 cells mm3 Eosinophils, 0% 5% Platelet 150,000 400,000 Basophils, 1% 14 effective test screen mellitus? The fasting glucose glycosylated hemoglobin (HGbA1c, called A1c) can ordered without effectively assesses levels over 90 day period A1c typically monitor patients, rather than diagnostic screening ORAL كتب طب الأسنان مجاناً PDF اونلاين هو فرع من فروع الطب يختص بدراسة وتشخيص ومعالجة أمراض الفم والوجه والفكين والأسنان والأنسجة المحيطة بها والوقاية منها ويتفرع إلى العديد الاختصاصات يعتبر فنا وعلما أطباء أو جراحو هم المختصون تشخيص ووقاية وعلاج تجويف يساعد طبيب فريق داعم يوفر خدمات مثل استخدام التصوير الشعاعي وغيرها التقنيات لضمان صحيح وتخطيط للعلاج قد يشمل العلاج ملء تجاويف وإزالة أعصاب أثناء علاج الجذور اللثة قلع إذا استلزم الأمر واستبدال المفقودة بأطقم كثيرا ما يستخدم التخدير قبل الذي يسبب الألم يمكن بالذهب الفضة الخزف مزيج تدخل الأنسجة الرخوة للفم ضمن مجال أكثرها شيوعا