📘 ❞ individual and social ethics ❝ كتاب ــ برتراند راسل اصدار 1977

الفكر والفلسفة - 📖 كتاب ❞ individual and social ethics ❝ ــ برتراند راسل 📖

█ _ برتراند راسل 1977 حصريا كتاب ❞ individual and social ethics ❝ عن جميع الحقوق محفوظة للمؤلف 2025 ethics: Regarding personal morality, Bertrand Russell says: No one is entirely free no a slave To the extent that man enjoys freedom, he also needs morality for his guidance There are those who say need only follow accepted moral rules of society to which belongs But I do not think any anthropologist would be satisfied with this answer Things like cannibalism or human sacrifice cutting off displaying heads enemies murder execution have ceased exist simply because objections conventional opinions beliefs If really wants live in best possible way, must learn criticize superstitions, customs, tribe by some around him Russell's view on "individual perfection" as follows: person believes conscience deeply should act certain reason tells such thing better, even if action condemned government, conviction right On contrary, leave beliefs, except when there very strong reasons prevent from doing belief According Russell, what disturbs every rational nameless anonymous forces dominate daily lives people, although else Legally, these people slaves anyone, but individuals groups made circumstances This situation has arisen result worship false gods introduced prophets past The active worshipped power instead joy, happiness friendship, less been silent deceived erred recognizing root sorrow late pointed out point about "society": A good means achieve life, something kind perfection itself Our political thinking prone can called "management fallacy", is, habit looking at systematic whole that, it were an example order order, organism whose parts fit together beautifully viewing source emotion feels then they it's wrong, highest value found each individual, الفكر والفلسفة مجاناً PDF اونلاين ترتيب أمور معلومة للتأدي إلى مجهول ويُستخدم الدراسات المتعلقة بالعقل البشري ويشير قدرة العقل تصحيح الاستنتاجات بشأن ما هو حقيقي أو واقعي وبشأن كيفية حل المشكلات ويمكن تقسيم النقاش المتعلق بالفكر مجالين واسعي النطاق وفي هذين المجالين استمر استخدام المصطلحين "الفكر" و"الذكاء" كمصطلحين مرتبطين ببعضهما البعض الفلسفة (لغويا من اليونانية φιλοσοφία‏ philosophia والتي تعني حرفيًا "حب الحكمة") هي دراسة الأسئلة العامة والأساسية الوجود والمعرفة والقيم والعقل والاستدلال واللغة غالبًا تطرح مثل هذه كمسائل لدراستها حلها ربما صاغ مصطلح "فيلسوف (محب الحكمة)" الفيلسوف وعالم الرياضيات فيثاغورس (570 495 قبل الميلاد) تشمل الأساليب الفلسفية الاستجواب والمناقشة النقدية والحجة المنطقية والعرض المنهجي وهذا ركن خاص بكتب مجانيه للتحميل

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individual and social ethics
كتاب

individual and social ethics

ــ برتراند راسل

صدر 1977م
individual and social ethics
كتاب

individual and social ethics

ــ برتراند راسل

صدر 1977م
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عن كتاب individual and social ethics:
Regarding personal morality, Bertrand Russell says: No one is entirely free and no one is entirely a slave. To the extent that man enjoys freedom, he also needs personal morality for his guidance... There are those who say that man need only follow the accepted moral rules of the society to which he belongs. But I do not think that any anthropologist would be satisfied with this answer. Things like cannibalism or human sacrifice or cutting off and displaying the heads of enemies or murder and execution have ceased to exist simply because of moral objections to conventional opinions and beliefs.

If one really wants to live in the best possible way, one must learn to criticize the superstitions, customs, and beliefs of the tribe that are accepted by some of those around him. Bertrand Russell's view on "individual perfection" is as follows: If a person believes in his conscience and deeply that he should act in a certain way, or his reason tells him that such and such a thing is better, even if that action is condemned by the government, he should follow his conviction and do that right thing... On the contrary, society should also leave that person free to follow his beliefs, except when there are very strong reasons to prevent him from doing that action or belief. According to Bertrand Russell, what disturbs every rational person is that nameless and anonymous forces dominate the daily lives of some people, and although no one else Legally, these people are not slaves to anyone, but those nameless individuals and groups have made people slaves to circumstances.

This situation has arisen as a result of the worship of false gods introduced by prophets in the past... The active have worshipped power instead of joy, happiness and friendship, and the less active have been silent or have been deceived by those who have erred in recognizing the root of sorrow. The late Bertrand Russell has pointed out this point about "society": A good society is a means for the individuals of society to achieve a good life, not something that has a kind of perfection in itself... Our political and social thinking is prone to what can be called the "management fallacy", that is, the habit of looking at society as a systematic whole that, if it were an example of order and order, and an organism whose parts fit together beautifully and whose viewing is a source of emotion If it feels good... then they say it's good... when this is wrong, because the highest value should be found in each individual, not in a whole.
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