📘 ❞ The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism ❝ كتاب ــ برتراند راسل اصدار 1656

الفكر والفلسفة - 📖 كتاب ❞ The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism ❝ ــ برتراند راسل 📖

█ _ برتراند راسل 1656 حصريا كتاب ❞ The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism ❝ عن جميع الحقوق محفوظة للمؤلف 2025 Bolshevism: Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872 1970) was an influential British philosopher, logician, mathematician, political activist In 1950, he awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, recognition his many books He wrote Prefatory Note to this Second (1948) Edition book, “Although book written 1920, it is being reprinted without change, except two respects… I have omitted a chapter which not author… found necessary… alter word ‘Communism’ ‘Socialism’ places there yet sharp distinction between words that now exists, wrong impression would be made but for change If were writing now, some things differently said, all major respects adhere view Russian Communism took its subsequent development has been unlike what expected ” He explains at end original Preface, “The present work outcome visit Russia, supplemented by much reading discussion both before after thought best record saw separately from theoretical considerations, endeavored state my impressions any bias or against Bolsheviks received their hands greatest kindness courtesy, owe them debt gratitude perfect freedom they allowed me investigations am conscious too short time Russia able form really reliable judgments… feel matter such importance necessary, almost every question, define one’s attitude regard it…” الفكر والفلسفة مجاناً PDF اونلاين ترتيب أمور معلومة للتأدي إلى مجهول ويُستخدم الدراسات المتعلقة بالعقل البشري ويشير قدرة العقل تصحيح الاستنتاجات بشأن ما هو حقيقي أو واقعي وبشأن كيفية حل المشكلات ويمكن تقسيم النقاش المتعلق بالفكر مجالين واسعي النطاق وفي هذين المجالين استمر استخدام المصطلحين "الفكر" و"الذكاء" كمصطلحين مرتبطين ببعضهما البعض الفلسفة (لغويا من اليونانية φιλοσοφία‏ philosophia والتي تعني حرفيًا "حب الحكمة") هي دراسة الأسئلة العامة والأساسية الوجود والمعرفة والقيم والعقل والاستدلال واللغة غالبًا تطرح مثل هذه كمسائل لدراستها حلها ربما صاغ مصطلح "فيلسوف (محب الحكمة)" الفيلسوف وعالم الرياضيات فيثاغورس (570 495 قبل الميلاد) تشمل الأساليب الفلسفية الاستجواب والمناقشة النقدية والحجة المنطقية والعرض المنهجي وهذا ركن خاص بكتب مجانيه للتحميل

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The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism
كتاب

The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism

ــ برتراند راسل

صدر 1656م
The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism
كتاب

The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism

ــ برتراند راسل

صدر 1656م
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عن كتاب The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism:
Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872-1970) was an influential British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and political activist. In 1950, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, in recognition of his many books.

He wrote in his Prefatory Note to this Second (1948) Edition of the book, “Although this book was written in 1920, it is being reprinted without change, except in two respects… I have omitted a chapter of which I was not the author… I have found it necessary… to alter the word ‘Communism’ to ‘Socialism’ in many places. In 1920, there was not yet the sharp distinction between the two words that now exists, and a wrong impression would be made but for this change. If I were writing now, some things would be differently said, but in all major respects I adhere to the view of Russian Communism which I took in 1920, and its subsequent development has been not unlike what I expected.”

He explains at the end of the original Preface, “The present work is the outcome of a visit to Russia, supplemented by much reading and discussion both before and after. I have thought it best to record what I saw separately from theoretical considerations, and I have endeavored to state my impressions without any bias for or against the Bolsheviks. I received at their hands the greatest kindness and courtesy, and I owe them a debt of gratitude for the perfect freedom which they allowed me in my investigations. I am conscious that I was too short a time in Russia to be able to form really reliable judgments… I feel that Bolshevism is a matter of such importance that it is necessary, for almost every political question, to define one’s attitude in regard to it…”
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